How to calculate wire size

Thicker cables offer much less resistance to electric waft. They provide greater electrons to carry a charge and a more variety of paths thru which the electrons can tour. As a result, given the same voltage, a thicker cable consists of more present day. Choose a cable’s actual thickness to satisfy a goal stage of resistance. The other relevant factors are the length of the cable, which external needs usually dictate and the resistivity of the cable’s fabric.
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Divide the voltage walking through the cable via your goal modern. If, as an instance, one hundred twenty volts will act on the cable, and also you need 30 amps to run via it: one hundred twenty / 30 = 4. This is your goal resistance, measured in ohms.

Multiply the cable’s length by means of its cloth’s resistivity. Copper, as an instance, has a resistivity of one.724 x 10^-8 ohm meters at room temperature. If your cable must measure 30,000 meters in duration:

30,000 x 1.724 x 10^-8 = 0.0005172 ohm sq. M.

Divide the solution via your goal resistance:

0.0005172 / 4 = 0.0001293.

This is the cable’s essential pass-sectional vicinity.

Divide the cable’s region via pi: (0.0001293) / 3.142 = 4.1152 x 10^-5.

Find the rectangular root of this solution: (4.1152 x 10^-five) ^ 0.5 = 0.006415. This is the cable’s radius, measured in meters.

Multiply your solution by way of 39.37 to transform it to inches: 0.006415 x 39.37 = 0.2526.

Multiply the answer by 2: 0.2526 x 2 = 0.5052 inches. This is the cable’s important thickness. It about corresponds with the standard 16-gauge cable.