What is the difference between MCB, MCCB, ELCB, and RCCB

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MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)Characteristics
Rated current now not more than a hundred A.
Trip characteristics normally no longer adjustable.
Thermal or thermal-magnetic operation.

MCCB (Moulded Case Circuit Breaker)

Characteristics
Rated modern-day up to 1000 A.
Trip contemporary may be adjustable.
Thermal or thermal-magnetic operation.

Air Circuit Breaker
Characteristics
Rated cutting-edge up to ten,000 A.
Trip characteristics often completely adjustable which includes configurable ride thresholds and delays.
Usually electronically managed—some fashions are microprocessor managed.
Often used for predominant energy distribution in big business plant, in which the breakers are arranged in draw-out enclosures for ease of preservation.

Vacuum Circuit Breaker
Characteristics
With rated cutting-edge as much as 3000 A,
These breakers interrupt the arc in a vacuum bottle.
These can also be applied at as much as 35,000 V. Vacuum circuit breakers tend to have longer existence expectancies among overhaul than do air circuit breakers.

RCD (Residual Current Device / RCCB(Residual Current Circuit Breaker)

Characteristics
Phase (line) and Neutral both wires related through RCD.
It trips the circuit while there is earth fault contemporary.
The quantity of present day flows through the segment (line) ought to go back via neutral .
It detects through RCD. Any mismatch among two currents flowing through phase and impartial stumble on by way of -RCD and experience the circuit inside 30Miliseconed.

If a house has an earth device linked to an earth rod and no longer the main incoming cable, then it need to have all circuits blanketed by an RCD (due to the fact u mite now not be capable of get sufficient fault modern-day to trip a MCB)
RCDs are an exceptionally effective form of surprise safety
The most broadly used are 30 mA (milliamp) and 100 mA devices. A contemporary flow of 30 mA (or 0.03 amps) is adequately small that it makes it very tough to receive a dangerous shock. Even a hundred mA is a enormously small discern when compared to the cutting-edge that could flow in an earth fault with out such safety (hundred of amps)

A 300/500 mA RCCB can be used wherein handiest fireplace safety is needed. Eg., on lighting circuits, where the risk of electric surprise is small.

Limitation of RCCB
Standard electromechanical RCCBs are designed to operate on regular supply waveforms and cannot be assured to perform in which none wellknown waveforms are generated via loads. The most common is the half of wave rectified waveform sometimes known as pulsating dc generated by means of velocity manage gadgets, semi conductors, computers or even dimmers.

Specially changed RCCBs are available so one can function on ordinary ac and pulsating dc.
RCDs don’t provide protection against modern overloads: RCDs discover an imbalance inside the stay and impartial currents. A cutting-edge overload, but huge, can not be detected. It is a common purpose of problems with beginners to replace an MCB in a fuse field with an RCD. This may be completed in an try to growth shock protection. If a stay-neutral fault happens (a short circuit, or an overload), the RCD gained’t experience, and may be damaged. In exercise, the primary MCB for the premises will probable ride, or the service fuse, so the situation is not likely to cause disaster; however it is able to be inconvenient.

It is now possible to get an MCB and and RCD in a unmarried unit, referred to as an RCBO (see below). Replacing an MCB with an RCBO of the equal rating is normally secure.
Nuisance tripping of RCCB: Sudden adjustments in electric load can cause a small, quick cutting-edge float to earth, particularly in antique home equipment. RCDs are very touchy and perform very quickly; they will well trip while the motor of an old freezer switches off. Some device is notoriously `leaky’, this is, generate a small, consistent contemporary waft to earth. Some forms of laptop device, and huge television sets, are widely mentioned to purpose issues.
RCD will no longer defend in opposition to a socket outlet being stressed with its live and neutral terminals the incorrect manner round.

RCD will not guard against the overheating that effects whilst conductors are not well screwed into their terminals.
RCD will not shield towards stay-impartial shocks, because the current inside the stay and neutral is balanced. So in case you touch stay and impartial conductors at the same time (e.G., both terminals of a mild becoming), you may still get an unpleasant shock.

ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker)

Characteristics
Phase (line), Neutral and Earth twine connected thru ELCB.
ELCB is operating based on Earth leakage modern-day.
Operating Time of ELCB:
The most secure restrict of Current which Human Body can withstand is 30ma sec.
Suppose Human Body Resistance is 500Ω and Voltage to floor is 230 Volt.
The Body modern may be 500/230=460mA.
Hence ELCB need to be operated in 30maSec/460mA = 0.65msec

RCBO (Residual Circuit Breaker with OverLoad)
It is viable to get a mixed MCB and RCCB in one tool (Residual Current Breaker with Overload RCBO), the principals are the same, but greater types of disconnection are equipped into one bundle

Difference between ELCB and RCCB
ELCB is the antique name and often refers to voltage operated gadgets which are now not available and it is advised you update them in case you discover one.
RCCB or RCD is the new name that specifies modern-day operated (subsequently the brand new name to distinguish from voltage operated).
The new RCCB is great because it will discover any earth fault. The voltage type simplest detects earth faults that drift again via the principle earth twine so that is why they stopped getting used.

The clean way to tell an old voltage operated trip is to look for the principle earth twine linked thru it.
RCCB will handiest have the line and neutral connections.
ELCB is running based on Earth leakage contemporary. But RCCB is not having sensing or connectivity of Earth, because basically Phase cutting-edge is same to the impartial modern in unmarried segment. That’s why RCCB can journey when the both currents are deferent and it face up to as much as each the currents are equal. Both the neutral and segment currents are specific meaning present day is flowing through the Earth.
Finally each are operating for identical, however the component is connectivity is distinction.
RCD does now not necessarily require an earth connection itself (it monitors simplest the stay and impartial).In addition it detects present day flows to earth even in device without an earth of its very own.

This method that an RCD will retain to offer surprise safety in system that has a faulty earth. It is these homes that have made the RCD greater famous than its competitors. For instance, earth-leakage circuit breakers (ELCBs) were broadly used about ten years in the past. These devices measured the voltage on the planet conductor; if this voltage became no longer zero this indicated a modern-day leakage to earth. The problem is that ELCBs want a valid earth connection, as does the system it protects. As a end result, using ELCBs is not recommended.

MCB Selection
The first feature is the overload which is meant to prevent the accidental overloading of the cable in a no fault situation. The velocity of the MCB tripping will range with the degree of the overload. This is typically carried out by means of the usage of a thermal tool in the MCB.
The second characteristic is the magnetic fault safety, that is intended to operate while the fault reaches a predetermined degree and to journey the MCB inside one tenth of a 2nd. The degree of this magnetic journey gives the MCB its kind function as follows:

Type Tripping Current Operating Time
Type B 3 To five time complete load contemporary 0.04 To thirteen Sec
Type C 5 To 10 instances full load present day 0.04 To five Sec
Type D 10 To 20 times full load modern zero.04 To three Sec
The 0.33 feature is the quick circuit protection, that’s meant to guard against heavy faults perhaps in lots of amps as a result of brief circuit faults.
The functionality of the MCB to function beneath these situations offers its quick circuit rating in Kilo amps (KA). In fashionable for consumer units a 6KA fault level is adequate while for business forums 10KA fault abilities or above may be required.

Fuse and MCB traits
Fuses and MCBs are rated in amps. The amp score given at the fuse or MCB frame is the amount of cutting-edge it will bypass constantly. This is commonly called the rated present day or nominal modern-day.
Many people suppose that if the cutting-edge exceeds the nominal modern, the tool will experience, right away. So if the rating is 30 amps, a modern of 30.00001 amps will experience it, proper? This isn’t genuine.
The fuse and the MCB, despite the fact that their nominal currents are comparable, have very one-of-a-kind residences.

For example, For 32Amp MCB and 30 Amp Fuse, to make sure of tripping in 0.1 seconds, the MCB calls for a modern of 128 amps, whilst the fuse calls for 300 amps.
The fuse honestly calls for greater modern-day to blow it in that point, but note how a lot larger both those currents are than the ’30 amps’ marked present day score.
There is a small probability that inside the path of, say, a month, a 30-amp fuse will experience while wearing 30 amps. If the fuse has had more than one overloads before (which might not actually have been observed) that is much more likely. This explains why fuses can from time to time ‘blow’ for no obvious motive
If the fuse is marked ’30 amps’, however it will genuinely stand 40 amps for over an hour, how are we able to justify calling it a ’30 amp’ fuse? The answer is that the overload traits of fuses are designed to healthy the properties of current cables. For instance, a present day PVC-insulated cable will stand a 50% overload for an hour, so it seems affordable that the fuse should as nicely.